AL-Taqwa Journal of Social Sciences

Our goal is to provide you with a professional and courteous experience at each stage of the review and publication process. There are also some responsibilities that sit with you as the author. Our expectation is that you will:

• Respond swiftly to any queries during the publication process.
• Be accountable for all aspects of your work.
• Treat communications between you and the journal editor as confidential until an editorial decision has been made.
• Read about our research ethics for authorship. These state that you must:
1. Include anyone who has made a substantial and meaningful contribution to the submission (anyone else involved in the paper should be listed in the acknowledgements).
2. Exclude anyone who hasn’t contributed to the paper, or who has chosen not to be associated with the research.
• If your article involves human participants, you must ensure you have considered whether or not you require ethical approval for your research, and include this information as part of your submission. Find out more about informed consent.

Our editors and employees work hard to ensure the content we publish is ethically sound. To help us achieve that goal, we closely follow the advice laid out in the guidelines. We have also developed our research and publishing ethics guidelines. If you haven’t already read these, we urge you to do so – they will help you avoid the most common publishing ethics issues. A few key points:

1. Any Paper you submit to this journal should be original. Exceptions to this rule are pre-print and conference papers. If any substantial element of your paper has been previously published, you need to declare this to the journal editor upon submission.
2. Please note, that the journal editor may use Turnitin to check on the originality of submissions received.
3. Your work should not have been submitted elsewhere and should not be under consideration by any other publication.
4. If you have a conflict of interest, you must declare it upon submission; this allows the editor to decide how they would like to proceed.
5. By submitting your work to ATJSS, you are guaranteeing that the work is not in infringement of any existing copyright.

Prior to article submission, you need to ensure you’ve applied for, and received, written permission to use any material in your Paper that has been created by a third party. Please note, we are unable to publish any article that still has permissions pending. The rights we require are:

• Non-exclusive rights to reproduce the material in the article or book chapter.
• Print and electronic rights.
• Worldwide English-language rights.
• To use the material for the life of the work. That means there should be no time restrictions on its re-use e.g. a one-year license.

Please take a few moments to read our guide to publishing permissions to ensure you have met all the requirements, so that we can process your submission without delay.

We are a signatory of the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines, a framework that supports the reproducibility of research through the adoption of transparent research practices. That means we encourage you to:

• Cite and fully reference all data, program code, and other methods in your article.
• Include persistent identifiers, such as a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), in references for datasets and program codes. Persistent identifiers ensure future access to unique published digital objects, such as a piece of text or datasets.
• Follow appropriate international and national procedures with respect to data protection, rights to privacy and other ethical considerations, whenever

All research articles published in the Al-Taqwa Journal of Social Sciences (ATJSS) are fully open access: immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

(ATJSS) is published by DRD on behalf of Al-Taqwa University. (ATJSS) is published under an open access arrangement. All charges for publishing open access articles in (ATJSS) are sponsored by the Al-Taqwa University, whose address is at Zone 3, Golai Araban Jalalabad city, Nangarhar Afghanistan. There is no charge to the author.

Respecting intellectual property rights is a foundational principle of the ATJSS’s Codes of Ethics. Plagiarism, in which one misrepresents ideas, words, computer codes or other creative expression as one's own, is a clear violation of such ethical principles. Plagiarism can also represent a violation of copyright law, punishable by statute. Plagiarism manifests itself in a variety of forms, including:

1. Verbatim copying, near-verbatim copying, or purposely paraphrasing portions of another author's paper
2. Copying elements of another author's paper, such as equations or illustrations that are not common knowledge, or copying or purposely paraphrasing sentences without citing the source
3. Verbatim copying of portions of another author's paper with citing but not clearly differentiating what text has been copied (e.g., not applying quotation marks correctly) and/or not citing the source correctly.

Before submitting your work, it is your responsibility to check that the paper is complete, grammatically correct, and without spelling or typographical errors. A few other important points:

• Give the journal aims and scope a final read. Is your Paper definitely a good fit? If it isn’t, the editor may decline it without peer review.
• Does your Paper comply with our research and publishing ethics guidelines?
• Have you cleared any necessary publishing permissions?
• Have you followed all the formatting requirements laid out in these author guidelines?
• Does the Paper contain any information that might help the reviewer identify you? This could compromise the anonymous peer review process. A few tips:

1. If you need to refer to your own work, use wording such as ‘previous research has demonstrated’ not ‘our previous research has demonstrated’.
2. If you need to refer to your own, currently unpublished work, don’t include this work in the reference list.
3. Any acknowledgments or author biographies should be uploaded as separate files.
4. Carry out a final check to ensure that no author names appear anywhere in the manuscript. This includes in figures or captions.

Before you submit your paper, it’s important you read and follow the guidelines below. You will also find some useful tips in our structure your journal submission how-to guide.
paper and all editorial correspondence should be submitted